thermal confinement

The simulation results have provided useful references for these problems such as thermal cathode primary electron emission, the determination of ion beam derivation area and the effective confinement of discharge plasma in the design of ion source.

计算结果对于离子源设计中的阴极热电子发射、离子束有效引出面积确定及等离子体的有效约束等重要问题有一定参考价值。

Over the past decades, partially coherent beams have been extensively investigated and have found wide applications in many fields, such as free-space optical communications, material thermal processing by laser beam, laser scanning, inertial confinement fusion by laser, nonlinear optics and imaging applications.

在过去的几十年里，部分相干光已经被广泛的应用在很多领域，如自由空间光通讯，激光材料表面热处理、激光扫描、惯性约束核聚变、非线性光学、光学成像等。

Generally, the confinement effect obtained through multiple interfaces, which is considered as grain boundary, can effectively reduce the propagation of phonons in all directions. Meanwhile, the interface effect is usually used to reduce the thermal conductivity by phonon scattering.

限域效应是通过多个界面（这里可以看作晶界）来实现的，可以有效地降低声子在某些方向的传播从而降低热导率，界面效应对声子散射也通常用来降低热导率。

An argon ion source used for sputtering deposition has been successfully developed based on the construction of hollow cathode connecting hollow anode and the technologies of thermal cathode electron emission arc discharge, plasma magnetic confinement and ion extracting on a curving surface.

本文采用空心阴极空心阳极结构，用热阴极电子发射弧放电驱动并用磁场约束产生等离子体，用曲面发射引出离子束，研制成了氩气放电溅射离子源；